We evaluate whether a major affirmative action program for a deprived caste in India has affected infant and child mortality rates among the target caste. The program reserves a substantial fraction of public sector jobs for those from the deprived caste and was implemented on September 8, 1993....

With the introduction of a new welfare benefit system in 2005, Germany implemented quite strict benefit sanctions for welfare recipients aged younger than 25 years. For all types of non-compliance except for missing appointments, their basic cash benefit is withdrawn for three months. A second...