illustrate its application through the case of university students in Scotland and determine the exogeneity of their expenditures … drawing on survey evidence. Students are a particularly useful example as we can analyse the difference in impacts between … individual student groups and how the impacts of students at particular institutions are influenced by the composition of the …

, where students increase consumption where they study and reduce consumption where they are from. Because of this, the … location of HEIs can have an important impact not only upon their host economies but also on the localities where students … originate from. This paper analysis the flow of students within Scotland and the resulting spatial shift of consumption …

extent and in what ways does education correlate with the competitiveness of students in the labour market. How much is the … knowledge acquired during the higher education process useful for students in defining their competitiveness on the Labour … Market. Furthermore, students' views on their own competitiveness and market relevance are investigated. The applied research …

Given the quality of the available data on Internet access across several countries, it is necessary to evaluate … alternative measures to assess the effect of Internet access on economic outcomes. The research at hand builds up on an earlier … paper, which introduced a novel measure of Internet quality. A logical consequence has been to introduce the new indicator …

The internet giants - Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google, among others - have transformed society with both positive … internet giants are multisided markets (MSM); their economic rents are "hidden" from the public. On the user-side of the market … rents are not so obvious. This paper addresses the monopolistic/monopsony aspect of the internet giants. In the singlesided …