About 1.4 million refugees and irregular migrants arrived in Europe in 2015 and 2016. We model how refugees and irregular migrants are self-selected. Using unique datasets from the International Organization for Migration and Gallup World Polls, we provide the first large-scale evidence on...

This paper studies the effects of forced migration on the educational attainment of second and third generations. Exploring the re-allocation of 8 million expellees to West Germany after World War II using German panel data, the results show that the educational outcomes of the second generation...