For the past 40 years, the most dynamic economies in the world were China and India. From approx. 5% of US GDP level, China grows to 26% and India to 11% of current US levels. The ratio of foreign trade to GDP is similar for both countries as well as capital flows to GDP. So why did China...

Does trade improve institutions and contribute to long run growth? I develop a theory of trade, in which trade liberalization provides incentive to change institutions in two ways. On the one hand, trade leads to specialization according to comparative advantage, expanding the industries that do...

The food-population ratio has two determinants: population and agricultural production. The population is constantly growing, putting pressure on existing resources, which are becoming insufficient. Globally, agricultural production has grown at the same rate as population growth, but at...

The climate change is a global externality that requires international efforts. The European Union has subscribed international agreements and internally has launched the European Union 2020 Strategy, with specific environmental targets. In this context, it is important to measure the...