Germany like many other European countries subsidize commuting by granting the right to deduct commuting expenses from the income tax base. This regulation has often been changed and has regularly been under debate during the last decades. The pros (e.g. causing efficiency gains with respect to...

Since the 2009 financial crisis, some national governments have adopted anticyclical tax policies for recovering and economic growth. These policies can be different in terms of what type of tax incentive policy (income, labor, value added) is chosen as well if the strategy is vertical,...

The issue of the possible adverse effects of a reduction in pollution on the economy is a very real one for China, given its public commitment to substantial cuts in CO2 emissions by 2020. An important part of this issue is the regional dimension - the pollution reduction is likely to have...

Designing an effective tax regime for small businesses remains a pressing issue. The authors engaged a comparative analysis of types and methods of tax incentives for small business and innovative business in global practice. It is concluded that the stimulating function of the taxation system...

The basic principle of the creation of accounting provisions and allowances is the principle of prudence and a true and fair view of the entity. The allowances are used to express a temporary reduction in the value of assets, while the provisions are a source of increasing costs intended to...