Using an international sample of more than 65,000 rating actions by Fitch, Moody's and S&P, we analyze the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on credit ratings. We document that (i) rating report content changes significantly after Dodd-Frank and (ii) show, by exploiting within firm-quarter variation,...

Agricultural consulting is represent a professional counseling and to request involvement. The farmers and people interested in agriculture can consult specialists or authorized organizations to obtain support in actions undertaken, solving problems or achieving goals. Communication is key in...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impacts of electric mobility in the transportation patterns using a spatial interaction model, with alternative transportation modes and implicit accessibility networks. Beyond the introduction, the paper is divided into three parts: a) In the first part...

Over the last decade or so, access to broadband telecommunication services has become increasingly important. Through broadband, households and companies are able to engage with the informationbased economy that is emerging, through, for example, buying and selling online or using social media....