Beijing has undergone rapid urbanisation from 1950-2010. The main built-up area expanded concentrically from 100 to 1210 km2. Its urban fringe became popular for new developments, some placed haphazardly. The government concentrated efforts in "stopping concentric fringe expansion". E.g. on...

This paper proposes the consistent method with general equilibrium models to measure use value and non-use value of large-scale change in environmental quality. First, we develop a general equilibrium model that parameters of the utility function with environmental quality as a dependent...

Based on the international agreements after the Kyoto Protocol, some projects to reduce the greenhouse gas emission have been promoted even in Japan. Therefore, policies such as various regulations and introduction of the environmental tax have been discussed, so people will be asked for big...

To explain economic impacts of flood damage due to climate change over time in Japan, this study develops a dynamic spatial computable general equilibrium model, and measures flood damage costs through some numerical experiments. It is inferred that the frequency and the intensity of flood are...

This chapter provides a description of the RHOMOLO model, a Spatial CGE model, developed and used by the European Commission for the impact assessment of policies at the regional level. Special emphasis is put on the innovation mechanisms underlying the model. Moreover, it discusses the...

The aim of this chapter is to examine the reason why the idea of the EU was created from the purely economic viewpoint, and show the reason why Brexit occurred. So far, the EU has adopted the integration of markets. It has the second stage of the integration of defense. This strategy is named...

We develop a general equilibrium model of earnings, income and wealth heterogeneity in continuous time. We extend existing analytical and numerical methods to solve the model. We calibrate the model to U.S. data and find that stochastic interest rates provide a mechanism to link earnings, income...

Differences in life expectancy between high and low socioeconomic groups are often large and have widened recently in many countries. Such longevity gaps affect the actuarial fairness and progressivity of public pension systems. However, behavioral responses to longevity and policy complicate...