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an increase in Brazilian sugar exports in the absence of SSG tariffs was calculated and also the overall impact on … raw sugar in EU and 30% for white sugar in US in years 1999 and 2002, which the additional tariffs were highest. In period … tariffs applied by EU were always higher than those applied by US. We estimated that the impact of the value of sugar that was …
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The number of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements has surged in recent years. In order to benefit from preferential tariff rates,firms must apply and comply with rules of origin requirements. This is costly and explains why preference utilization rates (PUR) are far below 100 percent. In...
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This study examines the relevant factors that determine the FTTH tariffs within the European Union (EU) zone. FTTH … use across EU countries along with the increasing deployment. However, FTTH tariffs, play an important role in the … between 2013 and 2018, we find a consistent effect of FTTH tariffs on national economic output with diminishing returns to …
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This paper sets up a model of trade, in which two countries with differing levels of technology specialize on the production of subsets of the global value chain. In the open economy equilibrium, the technologically backward country exports intermediates in exchange for imports of a homogeneous...
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