In this chapter, we first explain what we mean by a signal, and then we describe some characteristics such as energy, frequency, phase, power spectrum, etc. We show how to analyse it by the means of spectral analysis and Fourier transform. Moreover, as the Fourier transform does not provide any...

We formally define Markov quantal response equilibrium (QRE) and prove existence for all finite discounted dynamic stochastic games. The special case of logit Markov QRE constitutes a mapping from precision parameter ... to sets of logit Markov QRE. The limiting points of this correspondence are...

We propose a simple modification of the time series filter by Hamilton (2018b) that yields reliable and economically meaningful real-time output gap estimates. The original filter relies on 8-quarter ahead forecasts errors of an autoregression. While this approach yields a cyclical component of...

This paper aims to provide reliable estimates for the COVID-19 contact rate of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, From observable data on confirmed, recovered, and deceased cases, a noisy measurement for the contact rate can be constructed, To filter out measurement errors and...