consumer surplus and social welfare according to the data of data service from three years after the introduction of virtual … operation. The results show that, after introducing virtual operators into China market, consumer surplus and social welfare … consumer surplus and social welfare. At the same time, MVNO will get more profits. In the early stage, MVNO is in a weak …

markets for their potential for determining consumers' harm and welfare effects, as well as defining monopoly and predatory … pricing in this context. Initial estimates of Google's and Facebook's social cost in terms of consumers' welfare loss are $54 …