The exploitation of renewable energy sources through sustainable energy technologies are taking the field to decrease the pollutions' emissions into the Earth's environment. To offset the limitations of such resources, hybrid energy systems are becoming fundamental in grid-connected applications...

Purpose: Scheduling a fleet of product tankers in a cost effective and robust way to satisfy orders is a complex task. A variety of constraints and preferences complicate this attempt. Manual solutions as common in tramp shipping are not sufficient to deliver optimal and robust schedules....

Planning is the process of identifying the present situation, setting goals and define ways to achieve the objectives. Planning is the primary function of business management because of time preparing space for all other aspects of management, is considered a link between past and present [2]....