German regional data (NUTS 1 level) for GDP, trade, and FDI activity during the period 1976-2005. Applying various … of positive and negative effects of trade/FDI on output activity for a system of interconnected regions. … equation, the empirical results support the hypothesis of export- and FDI-led growth. We also show that for export and outward …

Trade- and FDI-led growth in a dynamic error correction modelling framework. Our results indicate that, in the long …-run relationship, regional labour productivity is indeed driven by direct and indirect spatial effects if FDI and trade activity next …Since the introduction of its "open door" policy in the late 1970s, China has been attracting a growing share of FDI …

China's programme for inter-regional economic connectivity, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), will develop new trade … contribution to global economic development but disrupting power relativities. At the same time, problems with debt servicing … development are required. …