questioning the view that R&D (and formal knowledge in general) equates innovation and innovation equates regional growth. We … several knowledge and innovation indicators, ranging from R&D expenditures, patent data, to newly released data on different … possible different attitudes and patterns of innovation that we control for, such as regional preconditions for knowledge and …

Since the Lisbon agenda in 2000, Europe stated the goal to become the most advanced knowledge economy in the world … presence of localized externalities in the knowledge accumulation process, this policy may produce distortive and unwanted … average level of knowledge activity accompanied by a huge degree of internal territorial disparity. The aim of this paper is …

The literature on trust, control and knowledge creation in seems to be moving towards a consensus. Trust is necessary … to create an open atmosphere for knowledge creation while control acts as a safeguard against malfeasance. Networks that … neglect either one often create less knowledge, such as new skills and products. Temporary networks, however, may have to …