. Mitigation policies have a strict compliance regime using both positive and negative reinforcement. On the other side, adaptation … EU mitigation policies are derived from the international agreementsforreducing and limiting greenhouse gases emissions … the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. By examining the relative projected efficiency of EU's mitigation efforts …

warming develops. It is thus important that the impacts of climate mitigation policies are assessed not only on global and … national levels, but also on the regional level. The key tool for assessing the efficiency of climate mitigation policies and … function. We compare a business-as-usual scenario (no mitigation policy) with various mitigation scenarios with different …

climate change and worthy to protect. To address these challenges, implementing climate change adaptation measures is … inevitable. The paper provides insights into climate change related risks, opportunities and adaptation actions based on … European cities indicate that they have implemented adaptation action plans and 82.5% of all cities are putting adaptation …