regional innovation systems and international knowledge flow by using trade data on openness. The study distinguishes between … new competence creation as proxied by patent applications and new competence exploitation captured by the frequency of …

We investigate how variety affects the innovation output of a region. Borrowing arguments from theories of recombinant … innovation, we expect that related variety will enhance innovation as related technologies are more easily recombined into a new … technology. However, we also expect that unrelated variety enhances technological breakthroughs, since radical innovation often …

use both academic publications and patent data to trace the geographical distribution of related knowledge and innovation …

Strong regional clusters are increasingly seen as a response to economic globalization by policy makers and regional … and innovation potential, the cluster approach has become appealing in different fields of economic policy. In particular …

regard to urban development in Russia referred to certain classes of cities (metropolitan cities, rapidly growing cities … cities of Moscow Metropolitan Region and in principal cities of the Centre and the South of European Russia. …

Russian regions. Patent activity in Russia declined significantly from 60000 granted patents in 1989 to 22500 in 2012. The …Innovation development is declared as one of the key objectives of social and economic policy in Russia. The purpose of … the work was to identify regions with the highest innovation capacity and developed regional innovation system, where …