, in fact, reflect a general situation of high violence related to other kinds of crime in the country; as related to the … violence associated to robbery, for example, the numbers of UNDOC (2012) for 2010 put Brazil, with rates (occurrences per one … violence is neither the only substantive urban problem of Brazilian big urban centers, nor it is dissociated to other urban …

This paper examines the role of ethnic-based gender norms in explaining the occurrence and intensity of sexual violence … in 33 ethnic civil conflicts in Africa between 1989 and 2009 and their use of sexual violence. After exploiting ancestral … actors are more likely to be perpetrators of sexual violence. Second, we consider the perpetrator's gender norms relative to …