Using a unique dataset, which combines bank organizational variables, information on lending techniques, firms' credit … crisis period. Our main findings suggest that the variables shaping the organization of a bank in its lending activity to non …

commercial banks, as well as the crisis itself. We rely on the data of the Bank of Estonia. Unfortunately, only consolidated data …

crisis. During and after the crisis, banks actively reduced their share of foreign relative to domestic banking activity and …

-regulated, more fragile nonbanks. The bank-to-nonbank shift largely neutralizes total credit and associated consumption effects for …

runs, and face a threat of entry. Higher competition increases deposit rates and bank fragility, resulting in an … intermediate socially optimal level of bank competition. We provide a novel theory of bank opacity. The cost of opacity is more … is to deter entry of competitors, which increases bank charter value. Banks can be excessively opaque, motivating …