Open innovation is key for innovators responding to major problems in the world, including energy, healthcare, water and the environment, and bringing transitions in socio-technical systems near. This paper has a focus on university spin-off companies as a channel of market introduction of new...

For young and innovative firms, which have very limited earnings and low credibility, equity may be essential for improving financial soundness and company's development. Initial public offering builds the possibility to access the equity and moreover may has positive promotion effects. The aim...

We study optimal promotion decisions of hierarchical firms, with one junior and one senior managerial position, which interact in a search and matching labour market. Workers acquire experience over time while being employed in a junior position and the firm has to determine the experience level...