I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel … imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel … parallel traders. Second, I explore the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports using a dataset with …

most attractive destinations to technology intensive FDI, for instance, pharmaceutical FDI. To explore whether patent … measuring the pharmaceutical patent protection in China (PPP index) to analyze its correlation with inward pharmaceutical FDI … literature - the most sensitive to patent protection, i.e., drugs producing and/or research and development (R&D) FDI. Our …

In 2000, there were as many countries served by a single mobile network as by network competition. Today, only 30 … low coverage, inefficient duplication of costs and lack of competition. To date, the authors are not aware of such single … light on the expected performance of single wholesale networks. The key result is that countries with network competition …

theory, competition authorities regulate the tying of Microsoft Windows with its Media Player or Internet browser in the EU … and Japan. The authorities also take note of the market power of mobile handset operating systems (OSs) over competition …