major disease(s), (v) date of initial treatment, (vi) number of days spent for treatment, and (vii) score (amount) of … medical expenditure. Besides, other variables such as the availability of chronic disease among the participants, types of … chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and strokes, living alone or with family and employment …

mortality rate in old age and the high costs of dying. The evidence for this hypothesis is, however, mixed. Our contribution to …