This paper considers diversity of the knowledge of expats as a complementary dimension of human capital that may generate spillovers. Such, often intangible, knowledge about foreign markets, management skills, and other complementary information may enhance the productivity of these expats, or...

Through business model theoretical lenses, we explore the impact of de-internationalization on firms and their industries and challenges in re-configuring their business models and re-thinking their value propositions in response to de-internationalization. This is a conceptual paper. We put...