This study provides the first empirical evidence of the causal impact of fertility outcomes on old-age labor supply, by … exogenous instruments of fertility. The results show strong impact of children on preventing old parents from strenuous works at ….8 percentage points. Such impact is especially strong among the more vulnerable elder parents with worse health and little pension …

situated at all wealth levels, the relevant downstream effects of schooling - measured by fertility, literacy and employment … reduced fertility through policy induced education, while there are almost no effects of additional education for non …-poor women. Our findings help in evaluating the generalisability of the nexus between women's education and fertility as well as …

age on offspring human capital in terms of health and cognition. The analysis relies on mother fixed effects to allow for …. Interestingly, the Adolescent Motherhood, Human Capital, Child Development, Cognition, Health, Nutrition, Gender, Parenting effect … on health weakens over time, while the cognition effect surges in early adolescence. Further analysis suggests both …

for these diseases remains low. We conducted a community-based RCT in Indonesia to assess whether personalized and …

interaction with child quantity-quality substitution, a decline in fertility. Using unique new data for 21 OECD countries over the … technological progress on investments in education and a strongly negative one on fertility. Using two-stage regressions, we assess … increase of enrollment in primary and secondary school is associated with a decline of the general fertility rate by 3 to 4 …