On 15th November 2012 in Copenhagen, SUERF and Nykredit in association with Danmarks Nationalbank organised a conference on "Property prices and real estate financing in a turbulent world". The papers included in this SUERF Study are based on contributions to the conference.

This paper discusses and analyses whether congestion charges can be considered to be "fair" in different senses to the word. Two different perspectives are distinguished: the consumer perspective and the citizen perspective. The consumer perspective is the traditional one in equity analyses, and...