This paper considers vertical price relationships between wholesalers and retailers on five local maize markets in Benin. We show that if the common factor and the long-run disequilibrium error are not explicitly taken into account in testing the channel model, one can easily be wrong about how...

In previous literature, the degree of exchange rate pass-through to importing country’s currency has often been found to be incomplete, which supports the idea of imperfect competition in the forest products markets. In this study, exchange rate pass-through is examined by employing a mark-up...

Analysts often use a single average or otherwise aggregated price series to represent several geographic or product markets even when disaggregate data are available. We hypothesize that such an approach may not be appropriate under some circumstances, such as when only long-term relationships...