Risk aversion is a key element of utility maximizing hedge strategies; however, it has typically been assigned an arbitrary value in the literature. This paper instead applies a GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) model to estimate a time-varying measure of risk aversion that is based on the observed risk...

We examine whether hedging effectiveness is affected by asymmetry in the return distribution by applying tail specific metrics to compare the hedging effectiveness of short and long hedgers using crude oil futures contracts. The metrics used include Lower Partial Moments (LPM), Value at Risk...

Financial risk model evaluation or backtesting is a key part of the internal model’sapproach to market risk management as laid out by the Basle Committee on BankingSupervision (2004). However there are a number of backtests that may be applied andthere is little guidance as to the most...