From Introduction:"The abatement of Nile pollution is a serious concern in Egypt's development. Four factors support this assertion, (i) demand for water exceeds available freshwater; (ii) water demand is increasing over time; (iii) opportunities to increase the water supply are limited; and (iv)...

In the context of continuous droughts, the search for alternative water sources and increasingenvironmental restrictions on discharge of treated wastewater into natural water bodies, treatedwastewater recycling offers a potential solution. In this paper the methods needed to assess thequestions...