Durch unterschiedliche Entwicklungstrends, wie z.B. die Globalisierung des Wettbewerbs, dynamische Anforderungen an die Produkte und kürzere Produktlebenszyklen, stehen Unternehmen neuen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Diesen Trends wird häufig mit der Entwicklung von kundenindividuellen...

During the last decades, a number of studies have been concerned with communication related to new product development. These have looked at either intra-organizational communication between departments or communication between new product development teams and external stakeholders such as...

The high cost of purchasing high technology and severe sanctions imposed on Iran over the last decade are the reasons why economical alternatives should be assessed, such as the use of second hand technology. There is evidence to show that in Iran the use of second-hand equipment in the...