. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications …, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry … patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric …

patent applications to the European Patent Office, with the top five (Tokyo, Seoul, San Francisco, Higashiosaka and Paris … technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United … States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more …

start-ups and companies, with patent applicants and inventors reported in PATSTAT, the worldwide intellectual property … database maintained by the European Patent Office. Given that neither administrative nor other unique identifiers are available …

Patent data provide an increasingly used means to analyse innovation performance worldwide including in countries with … patent data for measuring and analysing innovation in narrow technological fields, such as many environment …-related technologies. To improve cross-country comparability of patent statistics, the paper advocates the use of indicators based on …