a broader set of policy areas, including dynamic agricultural innovation systems, policies to support supply chain …

innovation is a positive function of its degree of international connectedness, ability to allocate skills efficiently and … the creation of markets for seed and early stage finance. Innovation policies that support basic research and facilitate … spillovers from the global productivity frontier, and consequently, productivity growth. …

consolidation shocks via trade flows. Using a measure of exogenous fiscal shocks in export markets, fiscal consolidation spillovers … partner countries, fiscal policies have large spillover effects on output. Spillovers of fiscal consolidations on growth are … medium term. Larger spillovers of fiscal consolidation coincide with stronger shifts in bilateral trade flows in currency …

, with potential global spillovers, as was already experienced in mid-2013 when the mere discussion of tapering unsettled … bond yield shock would not have large trade spillovers in the absence of crisis events in the United States or abroad, an … spillovers given their generally less liquid financial markets and, in some cases, weak fundamentals related to the banking …