Contrary to general education, vocational education and training (VET) has been an area of cooperation from the very beginning of the European Union. Over decades, however, the concept and reality of VET has changed substantially. VET as a dead-end educational pathway preparing exclusively for...

R&D intensity indicators are increasingly used not only for international comparisons, but also as targets for policies stimulating research. The two are of course intimately linked: it makes little sense to set a quantitative policy target when not knowing whether it is high or low compared to...

The rise of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) may be considered as one of the decisive trends of economic evolution of industrialised countries in recent decades. This paper uses the concept of vertical integrated sectors and the subsystem approach to input-output matrix analysis to...

The European Commission is working in order to ensure a smooth transition to cleaner forms of energy production away from fossil fuels in order to meet the EU objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. The Just Transition Mechanism was launched to manage this transition, under the...

This paper studies the automotive supply chain in four European countries (Germany, France, UK and Italy). First, employing WIOD data (Timmer et al., 2015)processed via Trade-SCAN (Román et al., 2019), we decompose the domestic and imported inputs of production, focusing on the region and...