South Africa has an incomplete social protection system without a mandatory pension savings scheme. Designing a … universal insurance pension system would allow to reduce the important government funded pension grant system and ensure that … the old-age population has decent income. Only 40% of employees are contributing to a form of saving-retirement scheme …

many characteristics of the pension system leave many elderly in poverty. Only formal-sector employees earning more than … aged people who have not contributed enough to be entitled to a pension. Moreover, the coverage of the old-age minimum … income support has been extended but at the cost of lowering the already modest benefits. More reforms in the pension system …

a pension in retirement. Drawing on two datasets for SMEs in Viet Nam, this paper seeks to explain this phenomenon by …

population ageing. The pension system relies largely on mandatory private retirement saving, which will moderate the long … for the rest of the population, and its efficiency in securing and valuing these retirement savings to guarantee pension …-term fiscal impact. Yet, there are questions about the fairness of the pension system, given the regressive nature of some of its …

reducing barriers to work for this group, including through the design of the pension system. Cost pressures at social …