business credit further expansion slows rather than boosts growth. Causality from more credit to slower growth is supported by … exogenous variation in financial size. The empirical analyses point to five factors that link more credit to slower growth: i …) excessive financial deregulation, ii) a more pronounced increase in credit issuance by banks than other intermediaries, iii) too …

In the wake of the 2008-09 financial crisis, a number of European OECD countries introduced credit mediation schemes …, as a new, often temporary mechanism to help ease access to finance by SMEs. This report investigates the nature of credit … mediation and credit review schemes implemented in selected countries (i.e. Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland and Spain) in the …