Our paper provides a comprehensive report of empirical research on tax compliance costs. Compared to previous reviews …, our focus is on average costs for sub-groups (individual taxpayers, small businesses, large businesses) and the … composition of the cost burden with regards to different cost components (in-house time effort, external adviser costs, other …

inuencing energy prices and costs such as developments in global energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables …. Analysing energy costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments …. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which energy costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European …

The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC), driven by unit labor costs has been criticized for failing to match inflation … the fit of the NKPC, by introducing a fuller marginal cost proxy, "unit total costs", that is derived from both labor and … non-labor unit costs; the latter includes capital-related costs and production taxes. Borrowing costs are examined …