efficiency of universities in a fundamental way. Choosing Italy and Germany as two important illustrative examples we can take … recent literature exposes variations in their efficiencies. To gain insights into these differences we split the efficiency … method to measure efficiency, we separate short-term (transient) and long-term (persistent) efficiency, while controlling for …

This paper examines the case for efficiency-driven banking sector consolidation in Italy, evaluates its potential … gradually recovers, operational efficiency gains are nonetheless needed to restore large parts of the banking system to healthy … profitability. Banking system consolidation can play a role in facilitating such efficiency gains, but its effectiveness is likely …