invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent … market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely driven by patent invalidations early in …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

stage of the patenting process and the interplay with the patent office. This is followed by considering the perspective of … the patent and trademark offices (PTOs), in particular, acknowledging the limited resources that are available to PTOs … ; pending patents ; innovation ; patent office overload ; patent inspection ; grant delays …

powerful strategic tool: the offers that he makes to the patent holder will affect the royalty rate that the Court may adopt as … availability of injunctions, the holder of a sufficiently weak patent will end up accepting below FRAND rates, in particular when … sufficiently strong patent will always end up in litigation by rejecting offers below FRAND. This arises in particular when the …