freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

to the latter, it raises a conundrum: if populist policies are detrimental to economic growth, as most economists agree …

This paper throws new light on the relationship between income and democracy. Using data for 162 countries over 1960 … political instability, while other potential mechanisms, such as education, investment and inequality, lack comparable empirical … support. These findings are robust to, among others, using night-lights instead of GDP, different democracy measures and …

This paper presents new evidence on how demography affects attitudes toward democracy and policy preferences. The … from 90 countries. The results show that the support for democracy increases with age and, at the same time, depends on … cohort-specific factors that are related to past experiences with democracy and socioeconomic status. The findings shed new …

This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the conditions of self-enforcing democracy by analyzing … contrast, low degrees of corruption and strongly separated powers can be viewed as prerequisites to self-enforcing democracy. …

political influences that shape democratic attitudes. The results reveal that support for democracy increases with age and is … heterogeneity in experiences with democracy, and that socioeconomic factors impact democratic attitudes. …

political influences that shape democratic attitudes. The results reveal that support for democracy increases with age and is … heterogeneity in experiences with democracy, and that socioeconomic factors impact democratic attitudes. …

What was the impact of urban political structure on economic inequality in preindustrial times? I document that more … closed political institutions were associated with higher economic inequality in a panel of early modern German cities. To … inequality. To mitigate concerns about reverse causality, I exploit the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) as a plausibly exogenous …

, altruism and concern for inequality. We find that decision makers who are selected democratically are generally more efficiency …