as their roles in terms of adding flexibility to renewable-rich systems and carbon abatement. We also identify challenges …

sectors, for example by introducing a wholesale market for electricity under different electricity pricing systems, including … major impediment to higher RES penetration often lies in the historically grown structures of a country's electricity sector … both reliable and affordable electricity. However, this focus on only two of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely …

We develop an analytical model to derive the competitive market equilibrium for electricity spot and reserve markets … under stochastic demand and uncertain renewable electricity generation. We then derive the welfare-optimal provision of … reserves. At rst-best, cost of reserve capacity is balanced against expected cost of outages. The rst-best market equilibrium …