Ample evidence is available for the effect of competition on educational quality as only a few countries allow large … scale competition. In the Netherlands free parental choice is present since the beginning of the 20th century, which can be … between competition and educational outcomes in secondary education, but that it is negative and small. This effect is larger …

home data with a wide range of market structures, we find a U-shaped relationship between competition and service quality … effects of competition: the reputation building effect whereby competing firms choose high quality to build a good reputation … and the rent extraction effect whereby competition hinders investment for quality improvements by eliminating price premia …

detrended data for personal consumption expenditures and manufacturing output suggest that the U.S. economy has recovered to … near 90% of pre-pandemic levels as of March 2021, our structural VAR model shows that the component of manufacturing output …