Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending economy, where domestic firms involved in business with the...

Die Integration von zentral- und osteuropäischen Ländern in westliche Strukturen ist mit vielfachen Fragen verknüpft, deren Untersuchung für die Länder selbst wie auch für westliche Länder, aber auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der weiteren Entwicklung und Erweiterung der wichtigsten...

Any conflict with a nuclear power like Russia carries the risk that nuclear weapons could be used, and President Vladimir Putin is aggressively exploiting such concerns. With its nuclear threats, the Kremlin is moving away from Russia’s doctrine that ascribes a protective role to its nuclear...