multi-port gateway system integrated within the broader context of an already well-established traditional maritime region … freight corridor n°4, could greatly benefit from 'port regionalization' into bordering regions of Spain, the Madrid Community … are identified. Main shipping lines calling in Portuguese ports, terminal operators, railway operators and 3P logistics …

in the port and maritime arena. Subsequently, we look at the strategic behaviour exhibited by the main market players … (shipowners, terminal operating companies, port authorities, logistics service providers, etc) and analyse their objectives …

costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent. (Bad ports are …, which are one of the components of shipping costs. We try to explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are ….S. markets than import tariffs. We investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than …