We model how a cyber attack may be amplified through the U.S. financial system, focusing on the wholesale payments …

We analyze how systemic cyber risk in the wholesale payments network relates to adverse financial conditions. We show … liquidity stress. Cyber vulnerability was elevated in late February and early March 2020, with the potential impact of a … cyberattack about 40 percent greater than in the remainder of 2020. Policy interventions to stabilize markets mitigated cyber …

, by removing vulnerabilities in Internet infrastructure, encouraging cross-border cooperation, providing guidance to … telecommunications regulators and implementing norms regarding cyber-attacks. …

Internet of Things devices which can be manipulated by Cyber criminals. Practical recommendations are made as to how … cyber security practices in their operations. The result is a large global base of vulnerable computers, modems/routers and … governments could address these market failures (with low-cost to government) and significantly improve the health of the cyber …

of cyber attacks over time, demonstrate the need for better understanding of the collective and cooperative security … measures needed to prevent and respond to cybersecurity emergencies. The Exploring Cyber International Relations (ECIR) Data …

As high-level European Union (EU) policy documents call for investment in active cyber defence capabilities, the legal … active cyber defence measures ahead of their deployment, while carefully managing the risk of a gradual militarisation of the … cyber and information domain. …