We study the short- and long-run impact of motherhood on labour market outcomes and explore the individual and firm …

We assess whether motherhood could be the last hurdle to achieving gender equality in developing countries by exploring … the link between motherhood and the overall gender gap in the labor market for 14 Latin American countries over the last … groups. Furthermore, using an extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we identify motherhood as the primary …

Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women's careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is … considering their distinct characteristics and the varying impact of motherhood. To address the biases, we propose a novel … substantially larger estimates of earnings losses after childbirth (by 20 percent), indicating that the costs of motherhood and …

choice of occupation and partner. This results in a stronger response to motherhood in labor market outcomes. As a relevant …

Using rich panel data recently available from Spanish Social Security records, we find that a negative motherhood … return to their pre-birth (relative) levels. The study finds that heterogeneity matters as most of the motherhood penalty and …