their policies and strategic decisions with a view to improve the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment systems more … the use of cash by households in the euro area. …

cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

We estimate the demand for transaction and non-transaction cash balances in Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Norway … over the last decades using the seasonal method. These countries share many features that are relevant for cash demand, but … nevertheless show large differences in terms of aggregate cash balances. While Canada, Iceland and Denmark have seen increased …

return flows of the old series (ES1) of €20 banknotes received by the Deutsche Bundesbank. The cash balance of €20 banknotes … are still outstanding in the Deutsche Bundesbank's balance sheet. Given that the cash balance held for domestic … at the end of July 2016 using the biometric method. This estimate represents a lower level for the actual cash balance …

banknotes and take due account of other determinants of cash demand. We find a significant and positive relationship between the … cash demand equation including the shadow economy. …