In this current era of the fourth industrial revolution, both the negative and positive effects of financial inclusion raise the question of whether digital finance can be a solution for financial stability through attaining sustainable economic growth or not. Hence, considering the aftermath of...

This paper analyzes the relationship between banks’ divergent strategies toward specialization and diversification of financial activities and their ability to withstand a banking sector crash. We first generate market-based measures of banks’ systemic risk exposures using extreme value...

With transformative evolution involving crypto-assets, machine learning applications and data-driven finance models, complex regulatory and policy issues are emerging. Inadequate frameworks in FinTech markets create regulatory friction and regulatory fragmentation. These limitations continue to...

This paper discusses the business correspondent (BC)-agent banking model in India against the backdrop of community-based rural livelihood programs, its relevance in facilitating financial inclusion in underserved rural geographies, and its potential to address the gender gap in financial...

The finance sector is the lifeblood of any economy and its smooth functioning is central to rapid and inclusive economic growth. A well-functioning financial system must intermediate efficiently between savers and borrowers; manage risks prudently; provide a wide variety of financial services to...

As part of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) program, the European Commission has pledged to issue up to EUR 250 billion of the NGEU bonds as green bonds, in order to confirm their commitment to sustainable finance and to support the transition towards a greener Europe. Thereby, the EU is not only...

The green bond market has demonstrated a significant expansion over the previous years. Nonetheless, it remains only a very small fraction of the overall bond market. Further growth in the green bond market would provide significant green investment, thereby helping to close the European Green...

On the basis of the European Commission’s 2015 Action Plan “on Building a Capital Markets Union” (CMU), as further specified in the 2017 “Mid-Term Review of the [CMU] Action Plan”, the European Parliament and the Council adopted on 27 November 2019 Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 “on...

The EU Taxonomy Regulation (TR), adopted in 2019, is a key milestone in defining legally sustainable activities. It should be viewed within the context of the climate and energy targets set by the EU for 2030 in order to become climate-neutral by 2050, and constitutes, along with the Sustainable...

Amidst increased attention on climate change, which is characterised by high uncertainties and long‐term time horizons, the financial sector and supervisors are developing methods and approaches for the evaluation of climate‐related financial risks. This paper proposes a transition capacity...