Today all countries have fiat money issued by a central bank. There is no obligation by a central bank to exchange its … money for gold or any other good. Central banks have the monopoly to issue central bank money and have the power to create … their money out of nothing. Creating such a monetary system is functional for a capitalist economy and must be regarded as a …

This paper explores the rise of money and class society in ancient Greece, drawing historical and theoretical parallels … metallist theories of money. It will be shown that the origins and the evolution of money were closely intertwined with the rise … and consolidation of class society and inequality. Money, class society, and inequality came into being simultaneously, so …

money and credit starting from a unit of monetary base. Crucially, however, at the very low frequencies the relative amounts … of the two aggregates created out of a unit of base money have remained unchanged over time in each of the 42 countries I … analyze. This finding questions the widespread notion that, since WWII, credit has become disconnected from broad money, and …

The present work offers a review on two divergent schools of thought regarding the subject of money and highlights why … understanding it is important to grasp the workings and nature of the concept of money. We adopt a spontaneous order perspective on … social institutions, considering money as one. Such framework allows for the construction of axioms from which we formulate …

's key variable, the quantity of money …