We use national physician-pair panel data to examine how switching electronic health record (EHR) developers affects out-of-network referrals from primary care physicians (PCPs) to specialists. We estimate a difference-in-differences model, exploiting changes in EHR developer adoption by...

The Netherlands can be seen as one of the best healthcare systems in Europe. However, ICT application in hospitals in this country is somewhat behind the Nordic countries, with many hospitals 'stuck' in the stage of search and 'being interested' without a subsequent move to testing and actual...

We exploit a large-scale natural experiment - the rollout of a nationwide electronic prescribing system in Finland - to study how digitization of prescriptions affects pharmaceutical use and health outcomes. We use comprehensive administrative data from patients treated with benzodiazepines,...