to bank loans, such as financing via equity, debt securities, trade credit and lending from non-banks. We investigate …-bank loans to be substitutes for bank loans with negative responses to a positive loan supply shock while trade credit is a …. Quantitatively, the developments in bank loans and trade credit dominate the response of the overall sum of the external financing …

euro area as a whole and in its five largest countries. In a Bayesian VAR framework, the two credit supply shocks are … for business cycles. For the euro area, the explanatory power of the two credit supply shocks for GDP growth variations is …

Empirical estimations of the drivers for loan extension mainly apply the outstanding stock of bank credit as the … and securitisation activity. This paper specifically applies a variable of new credit extensions for eight Euro area … countries in a simultaneous equation panel model to evaluate potential determinants for credit extension, and compares the …

We study the synchronization of credit booms and busts among 12 major European economies and the United States between … 1972-2011. We propose a regression-based procedure to test whether boom-bust phases of credit cycles coincide across … countries and to cluster countries with positively synchronized credit cycles. We find strong evidence against the existence of …

We use monthly data on individual loans from the Italian Credit Register over the period from 1997 to 2019 and show … that bank credit expansions in the non-financial private sector are mostly explained by variations in the extensive margin … calculated either in credit ows or headcount of new borrowers. We then build on a ow approach to decompose changes in the net …

credit offered to firms, and requiring the intermediaries to raise further funds by paying the cost to issue equity. This … are characteristic of the credit crunches observed in the data. …

, we offer new empirical evidence that credit declines during a recession primarily because of the reduction in the net … the bank credit market). Along the macroeconomic dimension of these gross flows, we document four cyclical facts. First …, the volatility of borrower inflows is two times as large as the volatility of obligors exiting from the credit market …