an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect … witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time … pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins. …

British patent system prior to its reform in 1852 was cumbersome and expensive. Whether it facilitated or delayed the … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics … of patentees, by observing the entire population of British patents granted up to the patent reforms of 1852. I find …

This working paper provides a statistical analysis of 74 patent families which cover subject matter relevant to ten … based on VaxPaL, a COVID-19 vaccines patent database developed by the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP). Through the detailed … examination of patent applicants, filing dates, and offices of first and subsequent filing, the paper identifies patterns and …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and … between IP, innovation, access, and public health between stakeholders with divergent interests. This working paper provides … an overview of the patent landscape of medical treatments and technologies related to COVID-19, and of the patent status …

their innovation activities in response to the potential entry of direct competitors. We then examine a legal ruling that … firms increased their net innovation activities in response to competitive entry. These effects center on firms with … innovation by new entrants after the ruling in response to increased competition. Overall, these results are consistent with …

Patent studies inform our understanding of innovation. Any study of patenting involves classifying patent data …, making them diffcult to replicate. Because of this, we develop a new patent taxonomy using machine learning techniques, and … propose a new methodology to automate patent classification. We contrast existing taxonomies with our own upon a widely used …

between the propensity to jointly own a patent and proximity in the product market; b) joint patents are associated with less …