substitution rule, and the combination of both on generic competition in a Salop-type model with an off-patent brand-name drug and …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

more agressive, which triggers price competition and potentially deters entry by generic producers. To investigate the … branded and generic drug prices and branded market shares. Despite fiercer price competition, the number of generic producers …

effect of a substitution rule on prices and the extensive and intensive margin of generic competition. Both substitution …

to fight the disease. However, high vaccine prices enforced through patent protection are limiting vaccine expansion …, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By limiting market power, patent buyouts could reduce vaccine prices and raise … HPV vaccination rates while keeping innovation incentives. We estimate the global patent buyout price as the present …

pharmaceuticals to examine how incumbents respond to change in the threat of entry. In line with the entry deterrence motive …

This paper evaluates the impact of reference pricing on prices and co-payments in the (German) market for off-patent … pharmaceuticals. We present a theoretical model with price-sensitive and loyal consumers that shows that a decrease in the reference …