banking system penetration promotes financial inclusion-notably, access to bank credit and to formal credit. The results of …

In recent years, assets of non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) have grown significantly relative to those of …. We argue instead that NBFI and bank businesses and risks are so interwoven that they are better described as having … contingent liquidity risk from the provision of credit lines to NBFIs; and (iii) Empirical work confirms bank-NBFI linkages …

We classify a large sample of banks according to the geographic diversification of their international syndicated loan … source of funding, while foreign banks with little diversification are the most fickle. Our findings suggest that the decline …

We classify a large sample of banks according to the geographic diversification of their international syndicated loan … source of funding, while foreign banks with little diversification are the most fickle. Our findings suggest that the decline …

how the transmission depends on bank balance sheets, and how this changes once policy rates become negative. We review the …

Bank holding companies (BHCs) invest in risky projects through bank entities or sell projects for a fee, thus engaging … in shadow banking. BHCs can increase their fee income by guaranteeing sold projects with a recourse to the bank's balance … sheet. If bank bailouts are likely and for high capital requirements, the guarantees increase the bank's default probability …

By comparing uncollateralized business loans made by a big tech lending program with conventional bank loans, we find … far before maturity and borrow more frequently. These patterns remain for borrowers with access to bank credit. Our …